Change and Continuity in Japanese Compensation Practices : The

This article analyses changes in the provision of Japanese occupational pensions since the early 2000s. It shows how Japanese companies have followed strategies of cost and risk reduction by creating multi-layered benefit systems that offer a combination of defined benefit and defined contribution plans whose benefits are becoming increasingly performance-oriented. Analyzing the reasons behind the resilience of defined benefit schemes in Japan, the article concludes that enterprise union behaviour has had less influence than regulatory issues and continued corporate commitment to long-standing employment practices for regular workers. These findings highlight the embeddedness of Japanese employment practices in their institutional context.